Filter filter options (and/or respect field lookup filters)

Only workaround I know of is to use a ui-only picklist field as a filter (so you’re using a field editor instead of a filter component). There are a few examples on the community, but I’m too lazy to look them up now.
Basically, you’re using javascript to render the field with the filtered picklist, and then you can use the ui to set the value of a condition and query when the field is changed.