I’m pretty sure this can be done.
The icon resize will depend on whether you are using the Font Awesome themes or ths Classic themes. FA icons are simply a Font - which means “Font-size” will affect them.
To affect the button I’d encourage you to step up a level . Target the .ui-button class rather than the text itself. There you can address the height and width and font-size. vertical-align is usually only effective in table cells. To get allignment in a div you can add padding to the top ( padding: 30px 0 0 0; ) but you’ll have to be careful because that may make your height larger than you expect.
Welcome to CSS hack land…